Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) Tables¶

This configuration module implements the VRF planning and configuration logic and is used together with BGP, OSPF, and IS-IS configuration modules to implement VRF-aware routing protocols.

Platform Support¶

VRFs are supported on these platforms:

Operating system	VRF config	Route leaking	VRF-aware Loopback
Arista EOS	✅	✅	✅
Aruba AOS-CX	✅	✅	✅
Cisco IOS	✅	✅	✅
Cisco IOS XE[1]	✅	✅	✅
Cisco Nexus OS	✅	✅	✅
Cumulus Linux	✅	✅	✅
Cumulus NVUE	✅	❌	❌
Dell OS10	✅	✅	✅
FRR ❗	✅	✅	✅
Junos[2]	✅	✅	✅
Mikrotik RouterOS 6	✅	✅	❌
Mikrotik RouterOS 7	✅	✅	✅
SR Linux	✅	✅ ❗	✅
VyOS	✅	✅	✅

These platforms support routing protocols in VRFs:

Operating system	VRF-aware OSPF	VRF-aware OSPFv3	VRF-aware EBGP
Arista EOS	✅	✅	✅
Aruba AOS-CX	✅	❌	✅
Cisco IOS	✅ ❗	✅	✅
Cisco IOS XE[1]	✅ ❗	✅	✅
Cisco Nexus OS	✅	❌	✅
Cumulus Linux	✅	❌	✅
Dell OS10	✅	❌	✅
FRR ❗	✅	✅	✅
Junos[2]	✅	✅	✅
Mikrotik RouterOS 6	✅ ❗	❌	✅
Mikrotik RouterOS 7	✅	❌	✅
SR Linux	✅	❌	✅
VyOS	✅	❌	✅

Note

IS-IS and EIGRP cannot be run within a VRF, but both configuration modules are VRF-aware – they will not try to configure IS-IS or EIGRP routing on VRF interfaces
IBGP within a VRF instance does not work. PE-routers and CE-routers MUST HAVE different BGP AS numbers
See VRF Integration Tests Results for more details.

Parameters¶

The following parameters can be set globally or per node:

vrfs: A dictionary of VRF definitions (see below)
vrf.loopback (bool): Create loopback interfaces for all VRFs used on this node
vrf.as: The default AS number used in RD/RT values when bgp.as is not set. The system default for vrf.as is 65000.

VRF Definition¶

VRFs are defined in a global or node-specific vrfs dictionary, allowing you to create VRFs that are used network-wide or only on a single node.

The keys of the vrfs dictionary are VRF names; the values are VRF definitions. A VRF definition could be empty or a dictionary with one or more of these attributes:

rd – route distinguisher (integer or string)
import – a list of import route targets
export – a list of export route targets
loopback (bool or prefix) – Create a loopback interface for this VRF.
links - a list of links within this VRF.
A VRF definition can also contain other link- or interface-level parameters (for example, OSPF cost).

Empty VRF definition will get default RD and RT values assigned during the topology transformation process.

Warning

Do not reuse VRF names when defining node-specific VRFs. To implement complex VPN topologies, a subtle interaction between global and node-specific VRFs is needed, and netlab assumes that the VRFs with the same name refer to the same routing and forwarding instance.
Global VRFs will not be instantiated on a node using the vrf module unless the node is attached to a VRF link. If you want to create a VRF that uses no external interfaces, add the VRF name to the node ‌vrfs dictionary.
The ‌vrfs dictionary and the vrf module will be removed from a node with no VRF interfaces or VRF loopback interfaces.

Additional VRF Parameters¶

You can also set these parameters to influence routing protocols within a VRF.

ospf.active – start an OSPF instance within a VRF even when there are no viable OSPF neighbors on VRF interfaces
ospf.area – the default OSPF area for the VRF OSPF process (default: node ospf.area). It is configured on the VRF loopback interfaces.
bgp.router_id – per-VRF BGP router ID. You have to set this parameter if you want to configure inter-VRF EBGP sessions between interfaces of the same device.[3]
ospf.router_id – per-VRF OSPF router ID. You can use this parameter for the same reasons as bgp.router_id or if you want consistent OSPF router IDs on Cisco IOS.

Creating VRF Loopback Interfaces¶

A loopback interface is created for a VRF whenever you set the vrfs.name.loopback or vrf.loopback global or node parameter.

loopback parameter in a VRF definition could be:

A boolean value – the address of the loopback interface will be allocated from the vrf_loopback address pool
A string specifying the IPv4 prefix of the loopback interface
A dictionary of address families specifying IPv4 and/or IPv6 prefixes to be used on the loopback interface

Warning

The explicit IPv4/IPv6 loopback addresses should be used only in the node VRF definition, not in the global VRF definition.

RD and RT Values¶

A route distinguisher could be specified in N:N format (example: 65000:1) or as an integer. AS number specified in bgp.as or vrf.as will be prepended to an integer RD-value to generate RD value in N:N format.

import and export route targets could be specified as a single value or a list of values. Each RT value could be an integer (see above), a string in N:N format, or a VRF name. When using a VRF name as an RT value, the VRF RD is used as the route target.

For example, to implement a common services VPN giving red and blue VRFs access to common VRF, use these VRF definitions:

vrfs:
  red:
    import: [ red, common ]
    export: [ red ]
  blue:
    import: [ blue, common ]
    export: [ blue ]
  common:
    import: [ common, red, blue ]
    export: [ common ]

Default RD/RT Values¶

The following default values are used in VRF definitions missing rd, import, or export values (including the corner case of empty VRF definition):

VRFs specified in nodes inherit missing parameters from the global VRFs with the same name
When the rd is missing, it’s assigned a unique value using bgp.as or vrf.as value as the high-end of the RD value
Missing import and export route targets become a list with the VRF RD being the sole element.

For example, defining a simple VRF red…

vrfs:
  red:

… results in the following data structure:

vrfs:
  red:
    export:
    - '65000:1'
    import:
    - '65000:1'
    rd: '65000:1'

When using an empty rd value in a node VRF, the rd will be auto-generated, while the import and export route targets will be inherited from the global VRF definition.

For example, defining a red VRF with node-specific RD…

vrfs:
  red:

nodes:
  r1:
    bgp.as: 65001
    vrfs.red.rd:

… results in the following (VRF-related) data structures:

vrfs:
  red:
    export:
    - '65000:1'
    import:
    - '65000:1'
    rd: '65000:1'

nodes:
  r1:
    vrfs:
      green:
      red:
        export:
        - '65000:1'
        import:
        - '65000:1'
        rd: '65001:2'

Notes:

The global RD/RT values are generated using the system default vrf.as value (65000).
The global RT values for the red VRF are copied into the node data structures. The global RD value is not copied because it’s set in the node VRF definition.
Node RD value for the red VRF is generated using the node bgp.as value (65001).

Using VRFs on Interfaces and Links¶

To use a VRF, add the vrf attribute (a global or node-specific VRF name) to a link or an interface on a link.

For example, the following topology creates a simple VRF with two hosts attached to it:

module: [ vrf ]

vrfs:
  red:

nodes:
  r1:
    device: eos
  h1:
    device: linux
  h2:
    device: linux

links:
- r1:
    vrf: red
  h1:
- r1:
    vrf: red
  h2:

While it usually makes sense to specify vrf on an interface, you could use the vrf attribute on a link to add all interfaces attached to that link to the specified VRF, for example, when building VRF-lite topologies.

Specify Links within VRF Definition¶

While you can assign links to VRFs with the vrf link or interface attribute, you can also list VRF links in the links list of a global VRF definition. The methods are equivalent and produce the same results, but the VRF links approach results in a more concise lab topology.

Consider the simplest possible topology with a switch (s1) and two hosts (h1 and h2) connected to two interfaces in the same VRF. This is how you would define the VRF and links within that VRF:

vrfs:
  example:
  
links:
- h1:
  s1:
  vrf: example
- h2:
  s1:
  vrf: example

Using the VRF links attribute, the same lab topology could be (using link definition shortcuts) shortened to:

vrfs:
  example:
    links: [ h1-s1, h2-s1 ]

Interaction with Routing Protocols¶

BGP, OSPF, and IS-IS configuration modules are VRF aware:

VRF interfaces are removed from the IS-IS routing process
VRF interfaces that should be part of an OSPF routing process are moved into VRF-specific data structures that are then used to create VRF-specific OSPF instances.
EBGP neighbors discovered on VRF interfaces are moved into VRF-specific data structures and used to configure BGP neighbors with a BGP VRF address family.

Notes:

VRF OSPF instances are created only in VRFs with neighbors using the ospf configuration module. To create an OSPF instance in a VRF that would need OSPF based on the lab topology, set the ospf.active node VRF parameter to True.
VRF-specific OSPF and BGP configurations are included in the VRF configuration templates.
Connected subnets are redistributed into the OSPF VRF routing process and the BGP VRF address family.
If a node has bgp.as parameter and VRF-specific OSPF instance(s), the VRF configuration templates configure two-way redistribution between them and the BGP VRF address family.

Creating VRF OSPF Instances¶

Assume that we want an OSPF instance in the brown VRF, but the only link in the VRF is a stub link, so the OSPF instance would not be created with default settings. Setting the ospf.active parameter in nodes.r3.vrfs.brown forces the creation of the VRF OSPF instance.

nodes:
  r3:
    module: [ vrf,ospf ]
    vrfs:
      brown:
        ospf.active: True

links:
- r3:
    vrf: brown

Examples¶

You’ll find VRF-related examples in the Defining and Using VRFs tutorial and in these blog posts: